Vishesha is that which decreases a substance in all its aspects. And in Ayurveda, both of them are used in increasing whatever is deficient an decreasing whichever is present in excess.

Similarity can be in 3 aspects –

1. Substance – substance similarity e.g. infuse blood in case of deficiency.
2. Properties – properties similarity e.g. milk increases ojas.
3. Action – action similarity e.g., excessive exercises increases Vayu.

Similarly, Vishesha is of 3 types –

1. Substance – substance (Dravya Vishesha) – Mamsa (muscle) part of the body is earth element predominant and Jonhari is predominant in Vayy (air) element so using it in case of Mamsa excess leads to decrease of Mamsa. So in obese patients it is very good to take Jonhari/Bajra.
2. Property – property (Guna Vishesha) – as dryness of skin increases in Vayu (air) element which is having properties of Rooksha (dry) khara (rough). Oils (taila) is having different quality that as Snigdha and Slaksana (smooth) so Taila (oil) over power qualities of Vayu. It is Guna Vishesha.
3. Karma Vishasha – action – action. As doing Yogic practices or exercise, they increase movement of body parts and that is opposite to properties of Kapha and Meda i.e. Phlegin and excessive fat. So doing exercise etc. leads to decrease in excess fat and decrease phlegm.

These are philosophical basis for doing treatment in Ayurveda as to balance Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Agni. They can either increased or decreased following these principles. In this way, goal of balancing body Dhatus is achieved.

Dravyas (substance)

In which Karma (actions) Guna (properties) are present in an unbrokable way are called dravyas. e.g. Prithvi (earth) have Guna – smell, Karma – to give shape to anything

Jala (water) – Guna – Sita (coldness), Karma – liquefying a material

Similarly, mind is having Guna – Anutavva (microscopic)

• Iktavva (single entity)

Karma – to think, to resolve etc.

Disha (direction) – karma is to tell – north, south, east etc.

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